ip: 10.239.221.5
access point : rcomwap
Thursday, June 11, 2009
Friday, May 15, 2009
Replace corrupted windows xp system files
1.Insert windows xp CD
2.Go to Run (win+R)
3.Type VFC/SCANNOW
4.That's all.System files will now be restored.
!<#@!_££!_
2.Go to Run (win+R)
3.Type VFC/SCANNOW
4.That's all.System files will now be restored.
!<#@!_££!_
Saturday, May 2, 2009
MG University B.TECH S8 Computer Science Syllabus
SECURITY IN COMPUTING
RT 801 2+1+0
Module1
Introduction: Security basics – Aspects of network security – Attacks – Different types – Hackers – Crackers – Common intrusion techniques –Trojan Horse, Virus, Worm – Security services and mechanisms.
Module 2
OS Security – Protection Mechanisms –Authentication & Access control – Discretionary and Mandatory access control – Authentication mechanisms – Official levels of computer security (DoD) - Security breaches – Concept of a hole - Types of a holes – Study of the security features for authentication, access control and remote execution in UNIX, WINDOWS 2000
Module 3
Cryptography: Basic Encryption & Decryption – Transposition & substitution ciphers – Caesar substitution – Polyalphabetic substitutions – Crypt analysis – Symmetric key algorithms – Fiestel Networks – Confusion – Diffusion – DES Algorithm – Strength of DES – Comparison & important features of modern symmetric key algorithms – Public key cryptosystems – The RSA Algorithm – Diffice Hellman key exchange – comparison of RSA & DES – Message Authentication & Hash functions – Digital signature
Module 4
Network & Application Security: Kerberos – X509 Authentication service – IP security Architecture – Secure socket layer – Electronic mail security – Pretty Good privacy – S/MIME – secure Electronic Transactions – Firewalls - Security mechanisms in JAVA platform – Applet security – Security policy and Security Manager.
Module 5
Database Security: - Security issues – SQL security DAC based on granting & revoking privileges – MAC for multilevel security – Statistical database security.
Text Books
Module1, 4 Network Security Essentials Applications & Standards, William S., Pearson Education Asia
Module2 Modern operating System, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Pearson Education Asia
Using JAVA 2 platform, Joseph L. Weber, Prentice Hall of India
Module3 Cryptography and network security principles and practice, William Stallings, Pearson Education Asia
Information theory coding and cryptography, Ranjan Bose, TMH
Module 4,5 Designing security Architecture Solutions, Jay Ramachandran, Wiley Dreamtech
Module5 Database Security Mechanisms for Computer Network, Sead Muftic, John wiles
References
Security in Computing - Charles P. Pfleeger IEEE Computer Science Press
Database Security Mechanisms for Computer Network- Sead Muftic, John wiles
Designing Security Architecture Solutions – Jay Ramachandran, Wiley dreamtech
Firewalls Complete - Marcus Gonsalvus, TMH
Networking Technologies - Jaisal, Galgotia Publication
Security in Computer Operating System - G.O.Shea, NCC Blackwell Manchester Oxford
Mastering JAVA security: Cryptography, Algorithms and Architecture - Rich Helton, Wiley Dreamtech
Implementing IPv6- Mark A. Miller P.E, IDG Books
HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING
R802 2+1+0
Module1
Introduction to parallel processing - Trends towards parallel processing - Parallelism in uniprocessor - Parallel computer structures-Architecture classification schemes - Indian contribution to parallel processing.
Module 2
Principles of pipelining and vector processing - Linear pipelining - Classification of pipeline processors - General pipelines - Instruction and Arithmetic pipelines –Design of Pipilined instruction unit-Prinnciples of Designing Pipeline Processors- Instruction prefetch and branch handling- Dynamic pipelines - Architecture of Cray-1.
Module 3
Array processors - SIMD array processors - Interconnection networks - Static vs dynamic networks - mesh connected networks - Cube interconnection networks - Parallel algorithms for array processors - SIMD matrix multiplication-Parallel sorting on array processors - Associative array processing - Memory organization.
Module 4
Multiprocessor architectures and Programming - Loosely coupled and Tightly coupled multiprocessors - Interconnection networks - Language features to exploit parallelism - Process synchronisation mechanisms.
Module5
Dataflow computers - Data driven computing and Languages - Data flow computers architectures - Static data flow computer -Dynamic data flow computer -Data flow design alternatives.
Text Book
Computer Architecture & Parallel Processing - Kai Hwang & FayeA.Briggs, McGraw Hill
References
Elements of Parallel computing - V. Rajaraman - PHI
Super Computers - V. Rajaraman - Wiely arstern
Parellel Processing for Super Computers & AI - Kai Hwange & Douglas Degneot
Mc Graw Hill
Highly parallel computing - George S. Almasi, Allan Gottlieb - Benjamin Cumings Publishers.
HIgh Performance Computer Architecture - Harold S. Stone, Addison Wesley.
Advanced Computing - Vijay P.Bhatkar, Asok V.Joshi, Arirban Basu, Asok K.Sharma.
PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
R803 3+1+0
Module1
Introduction – Role of programming languages - Effects of Environments on languages - Language Design issues - Virtual computers and binding times, Language Paradigms.
Module2
Data types - Specification of data types, implementation of elementary data types, Declarations, type checking and type conversion - Assignment and Initialisation - Structured data types - Specification of data structure types, Implementation of data structure type - Declarations and type checking for data structures.
Module 3
Abstract data types, Encapsulation by subprogram - Type definition, storage management - Sequence Control - Implicit and Explicit sequence control, sequencing with arithmetic expressions, sequence control between statements.
Module 4
Subprogram control - Subprogram sequence control, attributes of data control, Shared data in subprograms - Abstract data types revisited, Inheritance, Polymorphism.
Module 5
Advances in Language design - Variations of subprogram control, Parallel programming, Introduction to exception handling - Exception handling in JAVA, Hardware developments, software architecture.
Text Book
Programming Languages, Design & Implementation - Terrence W. Pratt, Marvin V. Zelkowitz., Pearson Education Asia / Prentice Hall of India
Reference
Programming Languages - Robert W Sebesta, Pearson EducationAsia
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
RT 804 3+1+0
Module 1
Introduction – Definitions – AI application areas – Example problems- Problems and problem spaces - Problem characteristics – Problem solving by searching, Searching strategies – Breadth first search, Uniform cost search, DFS, Depth – Limited search, Bi-directional search – Constraint satisfaction search.
Module 2
Informed search, A* algorithm, Heuristic functions – Inventing Heuristic functions - Heuristic for constraint satisfaction problem – Iterative deepening – Hill climbing – Simulated Annealing.
Module3
Game playing and knowledge structures – Games as search problem – Imperfect decisions – Evaluation functions – Alpha – Beta pruning – state of art game programs, Introduction to frames and semantic nets.
Module 4
Knowledge and Reasoning – Review of representation and reasoning with Logic – Inference in first order logic, Inference rules involving quantifiers, modus ponens, Unification, forward and backward chaining – Resolution.
Module 5
Introduction to Prolog – Representing facts – Recursive search – Abstract data types – Alternative search strategies – Meta predicates, Matching and evaluation, meta interpreters – semantic nets & frames in prolog.
Text Books
Module 1,2,3,4
Artificial Intelligence – A modern approach, Stuact Russell – Peter Narang, Pearson Education Asia
Artificial Intelligence Rich E. - McGraw Hill Booq Company
Module 5
Artificial Intelligence, George F Luger, Pearson Education Asia
References
An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence – Eugene Charniak & Drew McDermot, Pearson Education Asia
ELECTIVE - II
R805 3+1+0
CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING (ELECTIVE - II)
RT 805-2 3+1+0
Module 1 Introduction
History - uses - Client Server Computing & Hetrogenous Computing - Cross Platform Computing Distributed Computing - The costs of Client Server Computing - Advantages and Disadvantages - Client Server Databases.
Module 2 Design
Fundamentals of client server design - Managing the interaction of client and server - Communications Techniques protocols & Client server interaction protocols - Preparing applications for client server - Optimizing applications for client server - Example client server implementations - Request acceptance dispatching - Execution of requests - Client server interaction using message.
Module 3 Multitasking
Multi programming vs multitasking - Processor - Advantages and draw backs of multiple processor - Child and parent processor - Case study Novell Netware and Windows NT - Developing server applications - Threads - Server communication model.
Module 4 Synchronization
Scheduling implementations - processing queues - context switching pre emptive systems - critical sections - mutual exclusion - semaphores - semaphore implementations in NT & Netware.
Module 5 Communications
Network communication - Inter process communication - Building portable client server applications.
References
Novell's Guide to Client-Server Application & Architecture- Jeffrey D.Schqnk, Novell Press.
Client Server Computing - Dawna Travis Dewire, McGraw Hill.
Developing Client Server Applications - W.H.Inman, BPB.
Guide to Client Server Databases - Joe Salemi, BPB.
Client Server Strategies- David Vaskevitch, Galgotia.
ADVANCED NETWORKING TRENDS (ELECTIVE - III)
RT806-5 3+1+0
Module 1
Ethernet Technology – Frame format – Interface Gap – CSMA/CD – 10 mbps Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Wireless Ethernet – SONET – Sonet multiplexing, Sonet frame structure
Module 2
ISDN - Definition - Protocol architecture - System architecture - Transmission channels - ISDN interface, B-ISDN.
Module 3
ATM – ATM Principles – BISDN reference model – ATM layers – ATM adaption Layer – AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4, AAL5 – ATM addressing – UNI Signaling – PNNI Signalling
Module 4
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION: Satellite communication principles - Geo stationary satellites - block schematic of satellite earth station - VSAT - VSAT networks - applications in personnel communication. (basic ideas only)
Module 5
Wireless Lan – Infrared Vs Radio transmission – Infrastructure & ad hoc n/w – IEEE 802.11 – Hiper Law – Bluetooth – Physical Layer – MAC layer – Networking – Security
References
Module 1
An introduction to Computer Networking - Kenneth C Mansfield, Jr., James L. Antonakos, PHI
Module 1,2,3
Communication Networks Fundamental Concepts & Key Architecture - Leon-Garcia – Widjaja, Tata McGraw Hill
Mobile Communication - Jochen Schiller, Pearson Education Asia
GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA LAB
R807 0+0+4
Point plotting, line and circle drawing, Line and Polygon clipping, transformations, hidden line elimination, curves, polygon hatching, Multimedia programming, Visual programming, Animation
Any experiment according to the syllabus of R702 Computer Graphics may be substituted
PROJECT & SEMINAR
R709/ R808 0+0+4
Each student is required to present a technical paper on subject approved by the department. The paper should in general reflect the state of the art. He/ She submits a report of the paper to the department.
In addition to the seminar He/She shall undertake a project work in the 7th semester itself in consultation with the guide(s). On completion of the project work, He/She shall present the work done before a panel of staff members, and submit a report of the project work done to the department.
VIVA -VOCE
R809
A comprehensive Viva-voce examination will be conducted to assess the students overall knowledge in the specified field of engineering. At the time of Viva-voce, certified report of seminar, mini project and project work are to be presented for evaluation.
s8
RT 801 2+1+0
Module1
Introduction: Security basics – Aspects of network security – Attacks – Different types – Hackers – Crackers – Common intrusion techniques –Trojan Horse, Virus, Worm – Security services and mechanisms.
Module 2
OS Security – Protection Mechanisms –Authentication & Access control – Discretionary and Mandatory access control – Authentication mechanisms – Official levels of computer security (DoD) - Security breaches – Concept of a hole - Types of a holes – Study of the security features for authentication, access control and remote execution in UNIX, WINDOWS 2000
Module 3
Cryptography: Basic Encryption & Decryption – Transposition & substitution ciphers – Caesar substitution – Polyalphabetic substitutions – Crypt analysis – Symmetric key algorithms – Fiestel Networks – Confusion – Diffusion – DES Algorithm – Strength of DES – Comparison & important features of modern symmetric key algorithms – Public key cryptosystems – The RSA Algorithm – Diffice Hellman key exchange – comparison of RSA & DES – Message Authentication & Hash functions – Digital signature
Module 4
Network & Application Security: Kerberos – X509 Authentication service – IP security Architecture – Secure socket layer – Electronic mail security – Pretty Good privacy – S/MIME – secure Electronic Transactions – Firewalls - Security mechanisms in JAVA platform – Applet security – Security policy and Security Manager.
Module 5
Database Security: - Security issues – SQL security DAC based on granting & revoking privileges – MAC for multilevel security – Statistical database security.
Text Books
Module1, 4 Network Security Essentials Applications & Standards, William S., Pearson Education Asia
Module2 Modern operating System, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Pearson Education Asia
Using JAVA 2 platform, Joseph L. Weber, Prentice Hall of India
Module3 Cryptography and network security principles and practice, William Stallings, Pearson Education Asia
Information theory coding and cryptography, Ranjan Bose, TMH
Module 4,5 Designing security Architecture Solutions, Jay Ramachandran, Wiley Dreamtech
Module5 Database Security Mechanisms for Computer Network, Sead Muftic, John wiles
References
Security in Computing - Charles P. Pfleeger IEEE Computer Science Press
Database Security Mechanisms for Computer Network- Sead Muftic, John wiles
Designing Security Architecture Solutions – Jay Ramachandran, Wiley dreamtech
Firewalls Complete - Marcus Gonsalvus, TMH
Networking Technologies - Jaisal, Galgotia Publication
Security in Computer Operating System - G.O.Shea, NCC Blackwell Manchester Oxford
Mastering JAVA security: Cryptography, Algorithms and Architecture - Rich Helton, Wiley Dreamtech
Implementing IPv6- Mark A. Miller P.E, IDG Books
HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING
R802 2+1+0
Module1
Introduction to parallel processing - Trends towards parallel processing - Parallelism in uniprocessor - Parallel computer structures-Architecture classification schemes - Indian contribution to parallel processing.
Module 2
Principles of pipelining and vector processing - Linear pipelining - Classification of pipeline processors - General pipelines - Instruction and Arithmetic pipelines –Design of Pipilined instruction unit-Prinnciples of Designing Pipeline Processors- Instruction prefetch and branch handling- Dynamic pipelines - Architecture of Cray-1.
Module 3
Array processors - SIMD array processors - Interconnection networks - Static vs dynamic networks - mesh connected networks - Cube interconnection networks - Parallel algorithms for array processors - SIMD matrix multiplication-Parallel sorting on array processors - Associative array processing - Memory organization.
Module 4
Multiprocessor architectures and Programming - Loosely coupled and Tightly coupled multiprocessors - Interconnection networks - Language features to exploit parallelism - Process synchronisation mechanisms.
Module5
Dataflow computers - Data driven computing and Languages - Data flow computers architectures - Static data flow computer -Dynamic data flow computer -Data flow design alternatives.
Text Book
Computer Architecture & Parallel Processing - Kai Hwang & FayeA.Briggs, McGraw Hill
References
Elements of Parallel computing - V. Rajaraman - PHI
Super Computers - V. Rajaraman - Wiely arstern
Parellel Processing for Super Computers & AI - Kai Hwange & Douglas Degneot
Mc Graw Hill
Highly parallel computing - George S. Almasi, Allan Gottlieb - Benjamin Cumings Publishers.
HIgh Performance Computer Architecture - Harold S. Stone, Addison Wesley.
Advanced Computing - Vijay P.Bhatkar, Asok V.Joshi, Arirban Basu, Asok K.Sharma.
PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
R803 3+1+0
Module1
Introduction – Role of programming languages - Effects of Environments on languages - Language Design issues - Virtual computers and binding times, Language Paradigms.
Module2
Data types - Specification of data types, implementation of elementary data types, Declarations, type checking and type conversion - Assignment and Initialisation - Structured data types - Specification of data structure types, Implementation of data structure type - Declarations and type checking for data structures.
Module 3
Abstract data types, Encapsulation by subprogram - Type definition, storage management - Sequence Control - Implicit and Explicit sequence control, sequencing with arithmetic expressions, sequence control between statements.
Module 4
Subprogram control - Subprogram sequence control, attributes of data control, Shared data in subprograms - Abstract data types revisited, Inheritance, Polymorphism.
Module 5
Advances in Language design - Variations of subprogram control, Parallel programming, Introduction to exception handling - Exception handling in JAVA, Hardware developments, software architecture.
Text Book
Programming Languages, Design & Implementation - Terrence W. Pratt, Marvin V. Zelkowitz., Pearson Education Asia / Prentice Hall of India
Reference
Programming Languages - Robert W Sebesta, Pearson EducationAsia
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
RT 804 3+1+0
Module 1
Introduction – Definitions – AI application areas – Example problems- Problems and problem spaces - Problem characteristics – Problem solving by searching, Searching strategies – Breadth first search, Uniform cost search, DFS, Depth – Limited search, Bi-directional search – Constraint satisfaction search.
Module 2
Informed search, A* algorithm, Heuristic functions – Inventing Heuristic functions - Heuristic for constraint satisfaction problem – Iterative deepening – Hill climbing – Simulated Annealing.
Module3
Game playing and knowledge structures – Games as search problem – Imperfect decisions – Evaluation functions – Alpha – Beta pruning – state of art game programs, Introduction to frames and semantic nets.
Module 4
Knowledge and Reasoning – Review of representation and reasoning with Logic – Inference in first order logic, Inference rules involving quantifiers, modus ponens, Unification, forward and backward chaining – Resolution.
Module 5
Introduction to Prolog – Representing facts – Recursive search – Abstract data types – Alternative search strategies – Meta predicates, Matching and evaluation, meta interpreters – semantic nets & frames in prolog.
Text Books
Module 1,2,3,4
Artificial Intelligence – A modern approach, Stuact Russell – Peter Narang, Pearson Education Asia
Artificial Intelligence Rich E. - McGraw Hill Booq Company
Module 5
Artificial Intelligence, George F Luger, Pearson Education Asia
References
An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence – Eugene Charniak & Drew McDermot, Pearson Education Asia
ELECTIVE - II
R805 3+1+0
CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING (ELECTIVE - II)
RT 805-2 3+1+0
Module 1 Introduction
History - uses - Client Server Computing & Hetrogenous Computing - Cross Platform Computing Distributed Computing - The costs of Client Server Computing - Advantages and Disadvantages - Client Server Databases.
Module 2 Design
Fundamentals of client server design - Managing the interaction of client and server - Communications Techniques protocols & Client server interaction protocols - Preparing applications for client server - Optimizing applications for client server - Example client server implementations - Request acceptance dispatching - Execution of requests - Client server interaction using message.
Module 3 Multitasking
Multi programming vs multitasking - Processor - Advantages and draw backs of multiple processor - Child and parent processor - Case study Novell Netware and Windows NT - Developing server applications - Threads - Server communication model.
Module 4 Synchronization
Scheduling implementations - processing queues - context switching pre emptive systems - critical sections - mutual exclusion - semaphores - semaphore implementations in NT & Netware.
Module 5 Communications
Network communication - Inter process communication - Building portable client server applications.
References
Novell's Guide to Client-Server Application & Architecture- Jeffrey D.Schqnk, Novell Press.
Client Server Computing - Dawna Travis Dewire, McGraw Hill.
Developing Client Server Applications - W.H.Inman, BPB.
Guide to Client Server Databases - Joe Salemi, BPB.
Client Server Strategies- David Vaskevitch, Galgotia.
ADVANCED NETWORKING TRENDS (ELECTIVE - III)
RT806-5 3+1+0
Module 1
Ethernet Technology – Frame format – Interface Gap – CSMA/CD – 10 mbps Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Wireless Ethernet – SONET – Sonet multiplexing, Sonet frame structure
Module 2
ISDN - Definition - Protocol architecture - System architecture - Transmission channels - ISDN interface, B-ISDN.
Module 3
ATM – ATM Principles – BISDN reference model – ATM layers – ATM adaption Layer – AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4, AAL5 – ATM addressing – UNI Signaling – PNNI Signalling
Module 4
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION: Satellite communication principles - Geo stationary satellites - block schematic of satellite earth station - VSAT - VSAT networks - applications in personnel communication. (basic ideas only)
Module 5
Wireless Lan – Infrared Vs Radio transmission – Infrastructure & ad hoc n/w – IEEE 802.11 – Hiper Law – Bluetooth – Physical Layer – MAC layer – Networking – Security
References
Module 1
An introduction to Computer Networking - Kenneth C Mansfield, Jr., James L. Antonakos, PHI
Module 1,2,3
Communication Networks Fundamental Concepts & Key Architecture - Leon-Garcia – Widjaja, Tata McGraw Hill
Mobile Communication - Jochen Schiller, Pearson Education Asia
GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA LAB
R807 0+0+4
Point plotting, line and circle drawing, Line and Polygon clipping, transformations, hidden line elimination, curves, polygon hatching, Multimedia programming, Visual programming, Animation
Any experiment according to the syllabus of R702 Computer Graphics may be substituted
PROJECT & SEMINAR
R709/ R808 0+0+4
Each student is required to present a technical paper on subject approved by the department. The paper should in general reflect the state of the art. He/ She submits a report of the paper to the department.
In addition to the seminar He/She shall undertake a project work in the 7th semester itself in consultation with the guide(s). On completion of the project work, He/She shall present the work done before a panel of staff members, and submit a report of the project work done to the department.
VIVA -VOCE
R809
A comprehensive Viva-voce examination will be conducted to assess the students overall knowledge in the specified field of engineering. At the time of Viva-voce, certified report of seminar, mini project and project work are to be presented for evaluation.
s8
Friday, May 1, 2009
Google Search
Google becomes more social.You can search using google's toll free number.Just call
1800-419-99999 (toll free from BSNL,MTNL lines)
And tell ur search querry.
1800-419-99999 (toll free from BSNL,MTNL lines)
And tell ur search querry.
Samsung's LED High Definition TVs for India
Samsung India has announced the launch of its new, advanced line up of LED High Definition TVs for the Indian market. Samsung India is the first company to introduce and manufacture LED TVs in India. Besides, it has also launched new LCD TVs and Plasma TVs.
What is LED?
LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. Simply put, LED is an upgraded version of LCD screens which gives better picture quality while being more energy efficient and environment friendly, but they are costlier. In fact, Samsung says that its LED TVs reduce energy consumption by over 40 percent versus traditional LCD HDTVs of similar size.
The company has introduced 3 LED HD TV Series - Series 6 (40-inch), Series 7 (46-inch), and Series 8 (55-inch). While Series 6 and 7 are now available, Series 8 will be offered in May.
Picture Quality, Features
Each of the introduced LED HDTV Series claims to feature Mega contrast ratios (ultra-high contrast ratios) using Samsung's LED TV Engine.
These TVs use LEDs as their primary light source, rather than traditional Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFL). Benefits of using LEDs include ultra-high contrast ratios, slim depths that allow for more artful designs, plus increased energy savings.
Compared to a traditional CCFL, LEDs produce darker blacks that appear endlessly deep to the eye. The result is picture clarity that measures up to the natural colors, says the company.
Samsung's entire LED HDTV line-up incorporates a number of innovative features to reduce motion blur and image judder. All the three series boast Samsung's Auto Motion Plus frame interpolation technology to ensure crisp, easy viewing of sports, video games and movies.
By using Edge LED technology, Samsung has been able to shave all three series down to ultra-thin depths at just over an inch thick (1.16 inch or 29.9 mm thickness), without cutting back on connectivity options and include a built in tuner.
Samsung created a slim wall-mount solution - reducing the gap between the TV and the wall to around 0.6 inches, down from the two inches of bulkier solutions. The thin LED HDTV depth, coupled with the new wall-mount solution allows for a simple installation akin to hanging a picture frame.
Pricing
Samsung LED series will be available at a price between Rs. 1.25 to 3.5 lakh, LCD series at Rs 17,000-1.7 lakh and Plasma Series from Rs 59,000-1.35 lakh.
What is LED?
LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. Simply put, LED is an upgraded version of LCD screens which gives better picture quality while being more energy efficient and environment friendly, but they are costlier. In fact, Samsung says that its LED TVs reduce energy consumption by over 40 percent versus traditional LCD HDTVs of similar size.
The company has introduced 3 LED HD TV Series - Series 6 (40-inch), Series 7 (46-inch), and Series 8 (55-inch). While Series 6 and 7 are now available, Series 8 will be offered in May.
Picture Quality, Features
Each of the introduced LED HDTV Series claims to feature Mega contrast ratios (ultra-high contrast ratios) using Samsung's LED TV Engine.
These TVs use LEDs as their primary light source, rather than traditional Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFL). Benefits of using LEDs include ultra-high contrast ratios, slim depths that allow for more artful designs, plus increased energy savings.
Compared to a traditional CCFL, LEDs produce darker blacks that appear endlessly deep to the eye. The result is picture clarity that measures up to the natural colors, says the company.
Samsung's entire LED HDTV line-up incorporates a number of innovative features to reduce motion blur and image judder. All the three series boast Samsung's Auto Motion Plus frame interpolation technology to ensure crisp, easy viewing of sports, video games and movies.
By using Edge LED technology, Samsung has been able to shave all three series down to ultra-thin depths at just over an inch thick (1.16 inch or 29.9 mm thickness), without cutting back on connectivity options and include a built in tuner.
Samsung created a slim wall-mount solution - reducing the gap between the TV and the wall to around 0.6 inches, down from the two inches of bulkier solutions. The thin LED HDTV depth, coupled with the new wall-mount solution allows for a simple installation akin to hanging a picture frame.
Pricing
Samsung LED series will be available at a price between Rs. 1.25 to 3.5 lakh, LCD series at Rs 17,000-1.7 lakh and Plasma Series from Rs 59,000-1.35 lakh.
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
AVG Full Version
Say goodbye to viruses.Here's an AVG Internet Security with 10 year validity.Download AVG 8.5 from http://free.Avg.Com
and install using the following key.
8MEH-RQXTV-MQOWD-E447R-MPHYD-PEMBR-ACED
!<#@!_££!_
UNIDO GLOBAL SOLUTIONS.
and install using the following key.
8MEH-RQXTV-MQOWD-E447R-MPHYD-PEMBR-ACED
!<#@!_££!_
UNIDO GLOBAL SOLUTIONS.
Get orkut scraps via SMS
1.Copy ur scrapbook url
2.Enter it in www.OrkutFeeds.Com and hit OK
3.Copy the feed url
4.Goto Google SMS channel( Labs.google.Co.In/smschannels )
5.Create a new channel
6.Select RSS/Atom feed and paste feed url there&submit
7.That's it
(the scrapbook shuld b public)
2.Enter it in www.OrkutFeeds.Com and hit OK
3.Copy the feed url
4.Goto Google SMS channel( Labs.google.Co.In/smschannels )
5.Create a new channel
6.Select RSS/Atom feed and paste feed url there&submit
7.That's it
(the scrapbook shuld b public)
Missed call alert
For bsnl it's a free service! To activate just dial *#62*+9117010#
for airtl der s mnthly charge.Activation dial *135*1#
for airtl der s mnthly charge.Activation dial *135*1#
Friday, March 27, 2009
MG University Results for B.Tech exams held in Dec-2008.
The results have been officially published by the University today according to the media, but is not available till now in the official website of MGU. When published the PDF document containing the results would be available at http://www.mguniversity.edu/results.htm . Keep checking for the results and Best of Luck with them... : )
Thursday, March 26, 2009
Quantum Computers
The massive amount of processing power generated by computer manufacturers has not yet been able to quench our thirst for speed and computing capacity. In 1947, American computer engineer Howard Aikensaid that just six electronic digital computers would satisfy the computing needs of the United States. Others have made similar errant predictions about the amount of computing power that would support our growing technological needs. Of course, Aiken didn't count on the large amounts of data generated by scientific research, the proliferation of personal computers or the emergence of the Internet, which have only fueled our need for more, more and more computing power.
Will we ever have the amount of computing power we need or want? If, as Moore's Law states, the number of transistors on a microprocessor continues to double every 18 months, the year 2020 or 2030 will find the circuits on a microprocessor measured on an atomic scale. And the logical next step will be to create quantum computers, which will harness the power of atoms and molecules to perform memory and processing tasks. Quantum computers have the potential to perform certain calculations significantly faster than any silicon-based computer.
Scientists have already built basic quantum computers that can perform certain calculations; but a practical quantum computer is still years away.
Sunday, March 1, 2009
How to Create an RSS 2.0 Feed
How to Create an RSS 2.0 Feed
If you can learn HTML, you can easily learn how to build your own RSS 2.0 feeds. I'll take you through the steps to creating an RSS feed from scratch.
Step 1: XML Declaration
Since RSS 2.0 must validate as XML, the first line in your rss feed must be the XML declaration.
The encoding is optional but recommended. If your using something other than UTF-8 be sure to change the above line.
Note: If you are using CFML and have whitespace due to the Application.cfm file you can reset the output buffer using
Step 2: RSS Channel
In this step we need to open up the rss tag, and the channel tag, all of your feed content goes inside these tags.
Step 3: RSS Feed Information
Next you place information about your RSS feed such as the title of it, the description, and a link to the the site.
http://www.example.com/
This is my rss 2 feed description
Mon, 12 Sep 2005 18:37:00 GMT
en-us
The lastBuildDate should be the date and time that the feed was last changed. Dates in RSS feeds should comply to RFC 822. In CFML the DateFormat mask would be ddd, dd mmm yyyy and the TimeFormat would be HH:mm:ss. Dates should be offset to GMT. The lastBuildDate tag is not required but is highly recommended.
Step 4: RSS Items
Next we enumerate over each RSS item, each item has a title, link, and description, publication date, and guid.
http://example.com/item/123
http://example.com/item/123
Mon, 12 Sep 2005 18:37:00 GMT
[CDATA[ This is the description. ]]
Make sure you escape any characters that might cause your XML to invalidate, these characters include <, >, & - I like to enclose any content that may contain HTML inside a CDATA section.
Note: In CFML you can use the XmlFormat function to escape special characters in XML.
Step 5: Close Channel and RSS tags.
Step 6: Validate your feed
Validate your feed using FeedValidator.org.
Other things to take note of
Content Type - See my post on content types for RSS feeds
Encoding - You should include the encoding in your Content-Type HTTP header, and in the XML declaration.
Styling - If you want to make your RSS feed look a little nicer you can CSS stylesheet for your RSS feed.
Categories - It's a good idea to include category tags in your RSS feeds as well, these go inside the item tag. You can give an item multiple categories by adding a tag for each on
If you can learn HTML, you can easily learn how to build your own RSS 2.0 feeds. I'll take you through the steps to creating an RSS feed from scratch.
Step 1: XML Declaration
Since RSS 2.0 must validate as XML, the first line in your rss feed must be the XML declaration.
The encoding is optional but recommended. If your using something other than UTF-8 be sure to change the above line.
Note: If you are using CFML and have whitespace due to the Application.cfm file you can reset the output buffer using
Step 2: RSS Channel
In this step we need to open up the rss tag, and the channel tag, all of your feed content goes inside these tags.
Step 3: RSS Feed Information
Next you place information about your RSS feed such as the title of it, the description, and a link to the the site.
http://www.example.com/
The lastBuildDate should be the date and time that the feed was last changed. Dates in RSS feeds should comply to RFC 822. In CFML the DateFormat mask would be ddd, dd mmm yyyy and the TimeFormat would be HH:mm:ss. Dates should be offset to GMT. The lastBuildDate tag is not required but is highly recommended.
Step 4: RSS Items
Next we enumerate over each RSS item, each item has a title, link, and description, publication date, and guid.
http://example.com/item/123
Make sure you escape any characters that might cause your XML to invalidate, these characters include <, >, & - I like to enclose any content that may contain HTML inside a CDATA section.
Note: In CFML you can use the XmlFormat function to escape special characters in XML.
Step 5: Close Channel and RSS tags.
Step 6: Validate your feed
Validate your feed using FeedValidator.org.
Other things to take note of
Content Type - See my post on content types for RSS feeds
Encoding - You should include the encoding in your Content-Type HTTP header, and in the XML declaration.
Styling - If you want to make your RSS feed look a little nicer you can CSS stylesheet for your RSS feed.
Categories - It's a good idea to include category tags in your RSS feeds as well, these go inside the item tag. You can give an item multiple categories by adding a tag for each on
An A-Z Index of the Bash command line for Linux.
An A-Z Index of the Bash command line for Linux.
alias Create an alias
apropos Search Help manual pages (man -k)
apt-get Search for and install software packages (Debian)
aspell Spell Checker
awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
b
bash GNU Bourne-Again SHell
bc Arbitrary precision calculator language
bg Send to background
break Exit from a loop
builtin Run a shell builtin
bzip2 Compress or decompress named file(s)
c
cal Display a calendar
case Conditionally perform a command
cat Display the contents of a file
cd Change Directory
cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp Change group ownership
chmod Change access permissions
chown Change file owner and group
chroot Run a command with a different root directory
chkconfig System services (runlevel)
cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear Clear terminal screen
cmp Compare two files
comm Compare two sorted files line by line
command Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp Copy one or more files to another location
cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut Divide a file into several parts
d
date Display or change the date & time
dc Desk Calculator
dd Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue Data recovery tool
declare Declare variables and give them attributes
df Display free disk space
diff Display the differences between two files
diff3 Show differences among three files
dig DNS lookup
dir Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs Display list of remembered directories
dmesg Print kernel & driver messages
du Estimate file space usage
e
echo Display message on screen
egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject Eject removable media
enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env Environment variables
ethtool Ethernet card settings
eval Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec Execute a command
exit Exit the shell
expect Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
expand Convert tabs to spaces
export Set an environment variable
expr Evaluate expressions
f
false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
fg Send job to foreground
fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
file Determine file type
find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt Reformat paragraph text
fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for Expand words, and execute commands
format Format disks or tapes
free Display memory usage
fsck File system consistency check and repair
ftp File Transfer Protocol
function Define Function Macros
fuser Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
g
gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts Parse positional parameters
grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups Print group names a user is in
gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)
h
hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head Output the first part of file(s)
history Command History
hostname Print or set system name
i
id Print user and group id's
if Conditionally perform a command
ifconfig Configure a network interface
ifdown Stop a network interface
ifup Start a network interface up
import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
install Copy files and set attributes
j
join Join lines on a common field
k
kill Stop a process from running
killall Kill processes by name
l
less Display output one screen at a time
let Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln Make links between files
local Create variables
locate Find files
logname Print current login name
logout Exit a login shell
look Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc Line printer control program
lpr Off line print
lprint Print a file
lprintd Abort a print job
lprintq List the print queue
lprm Remove jobs from the print queue
ls List information about file(s)
lsof List open files
m
make Recompile a group of programs
man Help manual
mkdir Create new folder(s)
mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
mknod Make block or character special files
more Display output one screen at a time
mount Mount a file system
mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv Move or rename files or directories
mmv Mass Move and rename (files)
n
netstat Networking information
nice Set the priority of a command or job
nl Number lines and write files
nohup Run a command immune to hangups
nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
o
open Open a file in its default application
op Operator access
p
passwd Modify a user password
paste Merge lines of files
pathchk Check file name portability
ping Test a network connection
popd Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr Prepare files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
printenv Print environment variables
printf Format and print data
ps Process status
pushd Save and then change the current directory
pwd Print Working Directory
q
quota Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas
r
ram ram disk device
rcp Copy files between two machines
read read a line from standard input
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
reboot Reboot the system
renice Alter priority of running processes
remsync Synchronize remote files via email
return Exit a shell function
rev Reverse lines of a file
rm Remove files
rmdir Remove folder(s)
rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
s
screen Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
scp Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff Merge two files interactively
sed Stream Editor
select Accept keyboard input
seq Print numeric sequences
set Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp Secure File Transfer Program
shift Shift positional parameters
shopt Shell Options
shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
sleep Delay for a specified time
slocate Find files
sort Sort text files
source Run commands from a file `.'
split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
ssh Secure Shell client (remote login program)
strace Trace system calls and signals
su Substitute user identity
sudo Execute a command as another user
sum Print a checksum for a file
symlink Make a new name for a file
sync Synchronize data on disk with memory
t
tail Output the last part of files
tar Tape ARchiver
tee Redirect output to multiple files
test Evaluate a conditional expression
time Measure Program running time
times User and system times
touch Change file timestamps
top List processes running on the system
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true Do nothing, successfully
tsort Topological sort
tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
type Describe a command
u
ulimit Limit user resources
umask Users file creation mask
umount Unmount a device
unalias Remove an alias
uname Print system information
unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
uniq Uniquify files
units Convert units from one scale to another
unset Remove variable or function names
unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
until Execute commands (until error)
useradd Create new user account
usermod Modify user account
users List users currently logged in
uuencode Encode a binary file
uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
v
v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vi Text Editor
vmstat Report virtual memory statistics
w
watch Execute/display a program periodically
wc Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis Report all known instances of a command
which Locate a program file in the user's path.
while Execute commands
who Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
Wget Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
write Send a message to another user
x
xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes Print a string until interrupted
. Run a command script in the current shell
### Comment / Remark
alias Create an alias
apropos Search Help manual pages (man -k)
apt-get Search for and install software packages (Debian)
aspell Spell Checker
awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
b
bash GNU Bourne-Again SHell
bc Arbitrary precision calculator language
bg Send to background
break Exit from a loop
builtin Run a shell builtin
bzip2 Compress or decompress named file(s)
c
cal Display a calendar
case Conditionally perform a command
cat Display the contents of a file
cd Change Directory
cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp Change group ownership
chmod Change access permissions
chown Change file owner and group
chroot Run a command with a different root directory
chkconfig System services (runlevel)
cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear Clear terminal screen
cmp Compare two files
comm Compare two sorted files line by line
command Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp Copy one or more files to another location
cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut Divide a file into several parts
d
date Display or change the date & time
dc Desk Calculator
dd Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue Data recovery tool
declare Declare variables and give them attributes
df Display free disk space
diff Display the differences between two files
diff3 Show differences among three files
dig DNS lookup
dir Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs Display list of remembered directories
dmesg Print kernel & driver messages
du Estimate file space usage
e
echo Display message on screen
egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject Eject removable media
enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env Environment variables
ethtool Ethernet card settings
eval Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec Execute a command
exit Exit the shell
expect Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
expand Convert tabs to spaces
export Set an environment variable
expr Evaluate expressions
f
false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
fg Send job to foreground
fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
file Determine file type
find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt Reformat paragraph text
fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for Expand words, and execute commands
format Format disks or tapes
free Display memory usage
fsck File system consistency check and repair
ftp File Transfer Protocol
function Define Function Macros
fuser Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
g
gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts Parse positional parameters
grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups Print group names a user is in
gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)
h
hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head Output the first part of file(s)
history Command History
hostname Print or set system name
i
id Print user and group id's
if Conditionally perform a command
ifconfig Configure a network interface
ifdown Stop a network interface
ifup Start a network interface up
import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
install Copy files and set attributes
j
join Join lines on a common field
k
kill Stop a process from running
killall Kill processes by name
l
less Display output one screen at a time
let Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln Make links between files
local Create variables
locate Find files
logname Print current login name
logout Exit a login shell
look Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc Line printer control program
lpr Off line print
lprint Print a file
lprintd Abort a print job
lprintq List the print queue
lprm Remove jobs from the print queue
ls List information about file(s)
lsof List open files
m
make Recompile a group of programs
man Help manual
mkdir Create new folder(s)
mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
mknod Make block or character special files
more Display output one screen at a time
mount Mount a file system
mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv Move or rename files or directories
mmv Mass Move and rename (files)
n
netstat Networking information
nice Set the priority of a command or job
nl Number lines and write files
nohup Run a command immune to hangups
nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
o
open Open a file in its default application
op Operator access
p
passwd Modify a user password
paste Merge lines of files
pathchk Check file name portability
ping Test a network connection
popd Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr Prepare files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
printenv Print environment variables
printf Format and print data
ps Process status
pushd Save and then change the current directory
pwd Print Working Directory
q
quota Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas
r
ram ram disk device
rcp Copy files between two machines
read read a line from standard input
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
reboot Reboot the system
renice Alter priority of running processes
remsync Synchronize remote files via email
return Exit a shell function
rev Reverse lines of a file
rm Remove files
rmdir Remove folder(s)
rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
s
screen Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
scp Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff Merge two files interactively
sed Stream Editor
select Accept keyboard input
seq Print numeric sequences
set Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp Secure File Transfer Program
shift Shift positional parameters
shopt Shell Options
shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
sleep Delay for a specified time
slocate Find files
sort Sort text files
source Run commands from a file `.'
split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
ssh Secure Shell client (remote login program)
strace Trace system calls and signals
su Substitute user identity
sudo Execute a command as another user
sum Print a checksum for a file
symlink Make a new name for a file
sync Synchronize data on disk with memory
t
tail Output the last part of files
tar Tape ARchiver
tee Redirect output to multiple files
test Evaluate a conditional expression
time Measure Program running time
times User and system times
touch Change file timestamps
top List processes running on the system
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true Do nothing, successfully
tsort Topological sort
tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
type Describe a command
u
ulimit Limit user resources
umask Users file creation mask
umount Unmount a device
unalias Remove an alias
uname Print system information
unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
uniq Uniquify files
units Convert units from one scale to another
unset Remove variable or function names
unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
until Execute commands (until error)
useradd Create new user account
usermod Modify user account
users List users currently logged in
uuencode Encode a binary file
uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
v
v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vi Text Editor
vmstat Report virtual memory statistics
w
watch Execute/display a program periodically
wc Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis Report all known instances of a command
which Locate a program file in the user's path.
while Execute commands
who Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
Wget Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
write Send a message to another user
x
xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes Print a string until interrupted
. Run a command script in the current shell
### Comment / Remark
Tips and hints to help you become a successful magician
Tips and hints to help you become a successful magician:
Practice in front of a mirror so you can see the trick as your audience will. Practice lots!
Practice the "patter" as well as the trick. Figure out before hand what you want to say during the show. Good patter will help distract the audience just enough to keep them from guessing how you've pulled off your magical feats! Here's a start for you:
I have a magic trick for you.
It should be lots of fun.
Pay very close attention,
And guess how it is done!
Resist the temptation to tell how the trick worked... keep them guessing and they'll be even more impressed with your show.
Never do the same trick more than once for the same audience. It makes it too easy for the audience to guess how it was done.
Control the seating arrangements... some of the tricks require that the people be looking straight at you. Have the audience remain seated throughout the show.
Wherever you can, borrow the objects from the audience... coins, pencils, napkins, etc. Borrowing from the audience makes it seem like the magician hasn't had time to do anything sneaky to the item. This makes everything seem more magical!
Lovely Assistant: a lot of the card tricks (or any other mind reading type tricks) work well using a magical puppet or stuffed animal as your assistant. Try putting on an entire show where you aren't a magician at all... instead claim that you bought a puppet from an old gypsy woman and it turned out to be magic (you can make up a cool story to use as your patter). Have the puppet or stuffed animal "whisper" the answers into your ear. Having a puppet do all the work, may keep you from getting stage fright! I've included the puppet image on all the tricks that will work well this way.
Now... on with the show!
Practice in front of a mirror so you can see the trick as your audience will. Practice lots!
Practice the "patter" as well as the trick. Figure out before hand what you want to say during the show. Good patter will help distract the audience just enough to keep them from guessing how you've pulled off your magical feats! Here's a start for you:
I have a magic trick for you.
It should be lots of fun.
Pay very close attention,
And guess how it is done!
Resist the temptation to tell how the trick worked... keep them guessing and they'll be even more impressed with your show.
Never do the same trick more than once for the same audience. It makes it too easy for the audience to guess how it was done.
Control the seating arrangements... some of the tricks require that the people be looking straight at you. Have the audience remain seated throughout the show.
Wherever you can, borrow the objects from the audience... coins, pencils, napkins, etc. Borrowing from the audience makes it seem like the magician hasn't had time to do anything sneaky to the item. This makes everything seem more magical!
Lovely Assistant: a lot of the card tricks (or any other mind reading type tricks) work well using a magical puppet or stuffed animal as your assistant. Try putting on an entire show where you aren't a magician at all... instead claim that you bought a puppet from an old gypsy woman and it turned out to be magic (you can make up a cool story to use as your patter). Have the puppet or stuffed animal "whisper" the answers into your ear. Having a puppet do all the work, may keep you from getting stage fright! I've included the puppet image on all the tricks that will work well this way.
Now... on with the show!
Saturday, February 28, 2009
Lock a Folder without any software
Lock a folder without any software
Suppose you want to lock the folder games in d: which has the path D:\Games.In the same drive create a text file and type
ren games games.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}
Now save this text file as loc.bat
create another text file and type in it
ren games.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} games
Now save this text file as key.bat
Now you can see 2 batch files loc and key.Press loc and the folder games will change to control panel and you cannot view its contents.Press key and you will get back your original folder.
Suppose you want to lock the folder games in d: which has the path D:\Games.In the same drive create a text file and type
ren games games.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}
Now save this text file as loc.bat
create another text file and type in it
ren games.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} games
Now save this text file as key.bat
Now you can see 2 batch files loc and key.Press loc and the folder games will change to control panel and you cannot view its contents.Press key and you will get back your original folder.
All Dos Commands
All Dos Commands
ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASSOC Change file extension associations
ASSOCIAT One step file association
AT Schedule a command to run at a later time
ATTRIB Change file attributes
BOOTCFG Edit Windows boot settings
BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info
CACLS Change file permissions
CALL Call one batch program from another
CD Change Directory - move to a specific Folder
CHANGE Change Terminal Server Session properties
CHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
CHKNTFS Check the NTFS file system
CHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch file
CIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks
CLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.
CLS Clear the screen
CLUSTER Windows Clustering
CMD Start a new CMD shell
COLOR Change colors of the CMD window
COMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
COMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
CON2PRT Connect or disconnect a Printer
CONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.
COPY Copy one or more files to another location
CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data
DATE Display or set the date
Dcomcnfg DCOM Configuration Utility
DEFRAG Defragment hard drive
DEL Delete one or more files
DELPROF Delete NT user profiles
DELTREE Delete a folder and all subfolders
DevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility
DIR Display a list of files and folders
DIRUSE Display disk usage
DISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disks
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another
DNSSTAT DNS Statistics
DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
DSADD Add user (computer, group..) to active directory
DSQUERY List items in active directory
DSMOD Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory
ECHO Display message on screen
ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file
ERASE Delete one or more files
EXIT Quit the CMD shell
EXPAND Uncompress files
EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files
FC Compare two files
FDISK Disk Format and partition
FIND Search for a text string in a file
FINDSTR Search for strings in files
FOR Conditionally perform a command several times
FORFILES Batch process multiple files
FORMAT Format a disk
FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)
FSUTIL File and Volume utilities
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FTYPE Display or modify file types used in file extension associations
GLOBAL Display membership of global groups
GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line
HELP Online Help
HFNETCHK Network Security Hotfix Checker
IF Conditionally perform a command
IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup
IPCONFIG Configure IP
KILL Remove a program from memory
LABEL Edit a disk label
LOCAL Display membership of local groups
LOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer.
LOGOFF Log a user off
LOGTIME Log the date and time in a file
MAPISEND Send email from the command line
MEM Display memory usage
MD Create new folders
MODE Configure a system device
MORE Display output, one screen at a time
MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
MOVE Move files from one folder to another
MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
MSG Send a message
MSIEXEC Microsoft Windows Installer
MSINFO Windows NT diagnostics
MSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
MUNGE Find and Replace text within file(s)
MV Copy in-use files
NET Manage network resources
NETDOM Domain Manager
NETSH Configure network protocols
NETSVC Command-line Service Controller
NBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
NOW Display the current Date and Time
NSLOOKUP Name server lookup
NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights
PATH Display or set a search path for executable files
PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message
PERMS Show permissions for a user
PERFMON Performance Monitor
PING Test a network connection
POPD Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD
PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services
PRINT Print a text file
PRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printer
PRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printer
PROMPT Change the command prompt
PsExec Execute process remotely
PsFile Show files opened remotely
PsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a user
PsInfo List information about a system
PsKill Kill processes by name or process ID
PsList List detailed information about processes
PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
PsLogList Event log records
PsPasswd Change account password
PsService View and control services
PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer
PsSuspend Suspend processes
PUSHD Save and then change the current directory
QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.
RASDIAL Manage RAS connections
RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.
REG Read, Set or Delete registry keys and values
REGEDIT Import or export registry settings
REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
REGINI Change Registry Permissions
REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file
REN Rename a file or files.
REPLACE Replace or update one file with another
RD Delete folder(s)
RDISK Create a Recovery Disk
RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
ROUTE Manipulate network routing tables
RUNAS Execute a program under a different user account
RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)
SC Service Control
SCHTASKS Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks
SCLIST Display NT Services
ScriptIt Control GUI applications
SET Display, set, or remove environment variables
SETLOCAL Begin localisation of environment changes in a batch file
SETX Set environment variables permanently
SHARE List or edit a file share or print share
SHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file
SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joined
SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
SLEEP Wait for x seconds
SOON Schedule a command to run in the near future
SORT Sort input
START Start a separate window to run a specified program or command
SU Switch User
SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter
SYSTEMINFO List system configuration
TASKLIST List running applications and services
TIME Display or set the system time
TIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch file
TITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session
TOUCH Change file timestamps
TRACERT Trace route to a remote host
TREE Graphical display of folder structure
TYPE Display the contents of a text file
USRSTAT List domain usernames and last login
VER Display version information
VERIFY Verify that files have been saved
VOL Display a disk label
WHERE Locate and display files in a directory tree
WHOAMI Output the current UserName and domain
WINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
WINMSD Windows system diagnostics
WINMSDP Windows system diagnostics II
WMIC WMI Commands
XCACLS Change file permissions
XCOPY Copy files and folders
ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASSOC Change file extension associations
ASSOCIAT One step file association
AT Schedule a command to run at a later time
ATTRIB Change file attributes
BOOTCFG Edit Windows boot settings
BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info
CACLS Change file permissions
CALL Call one batch program from another
CD Change Directory - move to a specific Folder
CHANGE Change Terminal Server Session properties
CHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problems
CHKNTFS Check the NTFS file system
CHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch file
CIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders
CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin
CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks
CLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.
CLS Clear the screen
CLUSTER Windows Clustering
CMD Start a new CMD shell
COLOR Change colors of the CMD window
COMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
COMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition
COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition
CON2PRT Connect or disconnect a Printer
CONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.
COPY Copy one or more files to another location
CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data
DATE Display or set the date
Dcomcnfg DCOM Configuration Utility
DEFRAG Defragment hard drive
DEL Delete one or more files
DELPROF Delete NT user profiles
DELTREE Delete a folder and all subfolders
DevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility
DIR Display a list of files and folders
DIRUSE Display disk usage
DISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disks
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another
DNSSTAT DNS Statistics
DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros
DSADD Add user (computer, group..) to active directory
DSQUERY List items in active directory
DSMOD Modify user (computer, group..) in active directory
ECHO Display message on screen
ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file
ERASE Delete one or more files
EXIT Quit the CMD shell
EXPAND Uncompress files
EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files
FC Compare two files
FDISK Disk Format and partition
FIND Search for a text string in a file
FINDSTR Search for strings in files
FOR Conditionally perform a command several times
FORFILES Batch process multiple files
FORMAT Format a disk
FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)
FSUTIL File and Volume utilities
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FTYPE Display or modify file types used in file extension associations
GLOBAL Display membership of global groups
GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line
HELP Online Help
HFNETCHK Network Security Hotfix Checker
IF Conditionally perform a command
IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup
IPCONFIG Configure IP
KILL Remove a program from memory
LABEL Edit a disk label
LOCAL Display membership of local groups
LOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer.
LOGOFF Log a user off
LOGTIME Log the date and time in a file
MAPISEND Send email from the command line
MEM Display memory usage
MD Create new folders
MODE Configure a system device
MORE Display output, one screen at a time
MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point
MOVE Move files from one folder to another
MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another
MSG Send a message
MSIEXEC Microsoft Windows Installer
MSINFO Windows NT diagnostics
MSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)
MUNGE Find and Replace text within file(s)
MV Copy in-use files
NET Manage network resources
NETDOM Domain Manager
NETSH Configure network protocols
NETSVC Command-line Service Controller
NBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)
NOW Display the current Date and Time
NSLOOKUP Name server lookup
NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape
NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights
PATH Display or set a search path for executable files
PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss
PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message
PERMS Show permissions for a user
PERFMON Performance Monitor
PING Test a network connection
POPD Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD
PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services
PRINT Print a text file
PRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printer
PRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printer
PROMPT Change the command prompt
PsExec Execute process remotely
PsFile Show files opened remotely
PsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a user
PsInfo List information about a system
PsKill Kill processes by name or process ID
PsList List detailed information about processes
PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)
PsLogList Event log records
PsPasswd Change account password
PsService View and control services
PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer
PsSuspend Suspend processes
PUSHD Save and then change the current directory
QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.
RASDIAL Manage RAS connections
RASPHONE Manage RAS connections
RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.
REG Read, Set or Delete registry keys and values
REGEDIT Import or export registry settings
REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL
REGINI Change Registry Permissions
REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file
REN Rename a file or files.
REPLACE Replace or update one file with another
RD Delete folder(s)
RDISK Create a Recovery Disk
RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer
ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy
ROUTE Manipulate network routing tables
RUNAS Execute a program under a different user account
RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)
SC Service Control
SCHTASKS Create or Edit Scheduled Tasks
SCLIST Display NT Services
ScriptIt Control GUI applications
SET Display, set, or remove environment variables
SETLOCAL Begin localisation of environment changes in a batch file
SETX Set environment variables permanently
SHARE List or edit a file share or print share
SHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file
SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)
SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joined
SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer
SLEEP Wait for x seconds
SOON Schedule a command to run in the near future
SORT Sort input
START Start a separate window to run a specified program or command
SU Switch User
SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain
SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter
SYSTEMINFO List system configuration
TASKLIST List running applications and services
TIME Display or set the system time
TIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch file
TITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session
TOUCH Change file timestamps
TRACERT Trace route to a remote host
TREE Graphical display of folder structure
TYPE Display the contents of a text file
USRSTAT List domain usernames and last login
VER Display version information
VERIFY Verify that files have been saved
VOL Display a disk label
WHERE Locate and display files in a directory tree
WHOAMI Output the current UserName and domain
WINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of files
WINMSD Windows system diagnostics
WINMSDP Windows system diagnostics II
WMIC WMI Commands
XCACLS Change file permissions
XCOPY Copy files and folders
Shortcut to restarting xp..
You can restart a Windows XP Pro and Home machine easily by creating a shortcut with following path. (Assume you installed Windows XP on your C: Partition) "c:\windows\system32\shutdown.exe -r -f -t 00" -r is for restarting the computer. -f is to force close all programs without saving. -t 00 is used to restart in zero seconds. i.e. as soon as you D.Click on the shortcut. You can log off from a Windows XP Professional or Home edition by running "C:\windows\system32\shutdown.exe -l -f -t 00". Also you can shutdown a Windows XP Home or Professional edition by running "c:\windows\system32\shutdown.exe -s -f -t 00". You always have to turn from the CPU after running this command. (Same with AT and ATX powered machines.) If you want to turn down power of ATX machine automatically, run "c:\windows\system32\tsshutdn.exe 00 /POWERDOWN /DELAY:00" This is used to turn off a server. Even though your computer will be shutdown completely, this whole operation will take 30 seconds to finish. Even though you don't have networked computers attached to your computer, this works.
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